German Water Infrastructure in China: Colonial Qingdao 1898–1914

PM2.5 Characteristics in Qingdao and across Coastal Cities in China

A year-long study was performed to comprehensively investigate the mass concentration, water-soluble ions, organic and elemental carbons, and elemental components of atmospheric fine particles from March 2006 to February 2007 in Qingdao. The results showed that PM2.5 concentration was over twice the National Ambient Air Quality Standards of 35 μg/m3 (GB3095-2012), with the highest value in wint...

Segmentation of Retail Food Store Formats in Qingdao, China

This study empirically estimates a multivariate binary choice model for four categories of food shopping store formats. The results indicate that in the Qingdao market, traditional counter parts such as wet markets and small grocery stores have been dominated by supermarkets and hypermarkets. At the same time, the rapid growth of hypermarkets in Qingdao is significantly challenging current supe...

Consumer Choice of Retail Food Store Formats in Qingdao, China

This study analyzes Chinese consumer behavior across different retail food store formats and how household demographics affect shopping behavior. A multivariate probit model with four categories of retail food store formats (wet markets, small grocery stores, super markets, and hypermarkets) in Qingdao, China is estimated. The results indicate that the new hypermarkets are substitutes for super...

Governing the Contaminated City: Infrastructure and Sanitation in Colonial and Post-Colonial Bombay

Infrastructure Development in China

This report summarizes the current status of infrastructure development in China and the infrastructure construction demand for infrastructure development. The optional investments on infrastructure are described based on the poverty alleviation goal and economic trade goals. The finance investment mechanism for infrastructure in China is also depicted. The key issues in relate with infrastruct...